Advanced Glycation End Products in Foods and a Practical Guide to Their Reduction in the Diet

Beef Beef, bologna 1,631 90 1,468 Beef, corned brisket, deli meat (Boar’s Head, Sarasota, FL) 199 90 179 Beef, frankfurter, boiled in water, 212° F, 7 min 7,484 90 6,736 Beef, frankfurter, broiled 450°F, 5 min 11,270 90 10,143 Beef, ground, boiled, marinated 10 min w/lemon juice 1,538 90 1,384 Beef, ground, pan browned, marinated 10 min w/lemon juice 3,833 90 3,450 Beef, ground, 20% fat, pan browned 4,928 90 4,435 Beef, ground, 20% fat, pan/cover 5,527 90 4,974 Beef, hamburger (McDonald’s Corp^d, Oak Brook, IL) 5,418 90 4,876 Beef, hamburger patty, olive oil 180°F, 6 min 2,639 90 2,375 Beef, meatball, potted (cooked in liquid), 1 h^c 4,300 90 3,870 Beef, meatball, w/sauce^c 2,852 90 2,567 Beef, meatloaf, crust off, 45 min 1,862 90 1,676 Beef, raw 707 90 636 Beef, roast^b 6,071 90 5,464 Beef, salami, kosher (Hebrew National, ConAgra Foods, Omaha, NE) 628 90 565 Beef, steak, broiled^c 7,479 90 6,731 Beef, steak, grilled 4 min, George Foreman grill (Salton Inc, Lake Forest, IL) 7,416 90 6,674 Beef, steak, microwaved, 6 min 2,687 90 2,418 Beef, steak, pan fried w/olive oil 10,058 90 9,052 Beef, steak, raw 800 90 720 Beef, steak, strips, 450°F, 15 min^c 6,851 90 6,166 Beef, steak, strips, stir fried with 1 T canola oil, 15 min 9,522 90 8,570 Beef, steak, strips, stir fried without oil, 7 min 6,973 90 6,276 Beef, stewed, shoulder cut^c 2,230 90 2,007 Beef, stewed^b 2,657 90 2,391 Beef, stewed, (mean) 2,443 90 2,199 Poultry Chicken, back or thigh, roasted then BBQ^b 8,802 90 7,922 Chicken, boiled in water, 1 h 1,123 90 1,011 Chicken, boiled with lemon 957 90 861 Chicken, breast, skinless, roasted with BBQ sauce^c 4,768 90 4,291 Chicken, breast, skinless, breaded^b 4,558 90 4,102 Chicken, breast, skinless, breaded, reheated 1 min^b 5,730 90 5,157 Chicken, breast, boiled in water^c 1,210 90 1,089 Chicken, breast, breaded, deep fried, 20 min 9,722 90 8,750 Chicken, breast, breaded, oven fried, 25 min, with skin^c 9,961 90 8,965 Chicken, breast, breaded/pan fried^c 7,430 90 6,687 Chicken, breast, grilled/George Foreman grill (Salton Inc) 4,849 90 4,364 Chicken, breast, pan fried, 13 min, high^c 4,938 90 4,444 Chicken, breast, pan fried, 13 min high/microwave 12.5 sec^c 5,417 90 4,875 Chicken, breast, poached, 7 min, medium heat^c 1,101 90 991 Chicken, breast, potted (cooked in liquid), 10 min medium heat^c 2,480 90 2,232 Chicken, breast, roasted, 45 min with skin^c 6,639 90 5,975 Chicken, breast, skinless, microwave, 5 min 1,524 90 1,372 Chicken, breast, skinless, poached, 15 min 1,076 90 968 Chicken, breast, skinless, raw 769 90 692 Chicken, breast, steamed in foil, 15 min, medium heat^c 1,058 90 952 Chicken, breast, strips, stir fried with canola oil, 7 min 4,140 90 3,726 Chicken, breast, strips, stir fried without oil, 7 min 3,554 90 3,199 Chicken, breast, with skin, 450°F, 45 min^c 8,244 90 7,420 Chicken, breast, skinless, broiled, 450°F, 15 min 5,828 90 5,245 Chicken, crispy (McDonald’s^d) 7,722 90 6,950 Chicken, curry, cube skinless breast, panfry10 min, broiled 12 min^c 6,340 90 5,706 Chicken, curry, cube skinless breast, steam 10 min, broiled 12 min^c 5,634 90 5,071 Chicken, dark meat, broiled, inside, 450°F, 15 min 8,299 90 7,469 Chicken, fried, in olive oil, 8 min 7,390 90 6,651 Chicken, ground, dark meat with skin, raw^c 1,223 90 1,101 Chicken, ground, dark w/skin, pan fried, w/canola oil, 2.5 min, high heat^c 3,001 90 2,701 Chicken, ground, white meat, pan fried, no added fat, 5 min, high heat^c 1,808 90 1,627 Chicken, ground, white meat, pan fried, with oil 1,647 90 1,482 Chicken, ground, white meat, raw 877 90 789 Chicken, kebab, cubed skinless breast, pan fried, 15 min^c 6,122 90 5,510 Chicken, leg, roasted^b 4,650 90 4,185 Chicken, loaf, roasted^c 3,946 90 3,551 Chicken, loaf, roasted, crust off^c 1,420 90 1,278 Chicken, meat ball, potted (cooked in liquid), 1 h 1,501 90 1,351 Chicken, nuggets, fast food (McDonald’s^d) 8,627 90 7,764 Chicken, potted (cooked in liquid) with onion and water 3,329 90 2,996 Chicken, roasted^c 6,020 90 5,418 Chicken, selects (McDonald’s) 9,257 90 8,331 Chicken, skin, back or thigh, roasted then BBQ^b 18,520 90 16,668 Chicken, skin, leg, roasted^b 10,997 90 9,897 Chicken, skin, thigh, roasted^b 11,149 90 10,034 Chicken, thigh, roasted^b 5,146 90 4,631 Turkey, burger, pan fried with cooking spray, 5 min, high heat^c 7,968 90 7,171 Turkey, burger, pan fried with cooking spray, 5 min, high heat, microwaved 13.5 sec, high heat^c 8,938 90 8,044 Turkey, burger, pan fried with 5 mL canola oil, 3.5 min, high heat^c 8,251 90 7,426 Turkey, ground, grilled, crust 6,351 90 5,716 Turkey, ground, grilled, interior 5,977 90 5,379 Turkey, ground, raw 4,957 90 4,461 Turkey, burger, broiled 5,366 90 4,829 Turkey, breast, roasted 4,669 90 4,202 Turkey, breast, smoked, seared^c 6,013 90 5,412 Turkey, breast, steak, skinless, marinated w/orange juice, broiled^c 4,388 90 3,949 Pork Bacon, fried 5 min no added oil 91,577 13 11,905 Bacon, microwaved, 2 slices, 3 min 9,023 13 1,173 Ham, deli, smoked 2,349 90 2,114 Liverwurst (Boar’s Head) 633 90 570 Pork, chop, marinated w/balsamic vinegar, BBQ^b 3,334 90 3,001 Pork, chop, raw, marinated w/balsamic vinegar^b 1,188 90 1,069 Pork, chop, pan fried, 7 min 4,752 90 4,277 Pork, ribs, roasted, Chinese take out 4,430 90 3,987 Pork, roast, Chinese take out 3,544 90 3,190 Sausage, beef and pork links, pan fried 5,426 90 4,883 Sausage, Italian, raw^b 1,861 90 1,675 Sausage, Italian, BBQ^b 4,839 90 4,355 Sausage, pork links, microwaved, 1 min 5,943 90 5,349 Lamb Lamb, leg, boiled, 30 min 1,218 90 1,096 Lamb, leg, broiled, 450°F, 30 min 2,431 90 2,188 Lamb, leg, microwave, 5 min 1,029 90 926 Lamb, leg, raw 826 90 743 Veal Veal, stewed 2,858 90 2,572 Fish/seafood Crabmeat, fried, breaded (take out) 3,364 90 3,028 Fish, loaf (gefilte), boiled 90 min 761 90 685 Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, prev. frozen, microwaved, 1 min, high heat^c 954 90 859 Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, prev. frozen, poached, 7 min, medium heat^c 1,801 90 1,621 Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, prev. frozen, steamed, 10 min, medium heat^c 1,212 90 1,091 Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, prev. frozen, steamed in foil, 8 min, medium heat^c 1,000 90 900 Salmon, breaded, broiled 10 min 1,498 90 1,348 Salmon, broiled with olive oil 4,334 90 3,901 Salmon, canned pink (Rubenstein, Trident Seafoods, Seattle, WA) 917 90 825 Salmon, fillet, boiled, submerged, 18 min 1,082 90 974 Salmon, fillet, broiled 3,347 90 3,012 Salmon, fillet, microwaved 912 90 821 Salmon, fillet, poached 2,292 90 2,063 Salmon, pan fried in olive oil 3,083 90 2,775 Salmon, raw, previously frozen 517 90 465 Salmon, raw 528 90 475 Salmon, smoked 572 90 515 Scrod, broiled 450°F, 30 min 471 90 424 Shrimp frozen dinner, microwaved 4.5 min 4,399 90 3,959 Shrimp, fried, breaded (take out) 4,328 90 3,895 Shrimp, marinated raw^b 1,003 90 903 Shrimp, marinated, grilled on BBQ^b 2,089 90 1,880 Trout, baked, 25 min 2,138 90 1,924 Trout, raw 783 90 705 Tuna, patty, chunk light, broiled, 450°F, 30 min 747 90 672 Tuna, broiled, with soy, 10 min 5,113 90 4,602 Tuna, broiled, with vinegar dressing 5,150 90 4,635 Tuna, fresh, baked, 25 min 919 90 827 Tuna, loaf (chunk light in recipe), baked 40 min 590 90 531 Tuna, canned, chunk light, w/water 452 90 407 Tuna, canned, white, albacore, w/oil 1,740 90 1,566 Whiting, breaded, oven fried, 25 min^c 8,774 90 7,897 Cheese Cheese, American, low fat (Kraft) 4,040 30 1,212 Cheese, American, white, processed 8,677 30 2,603 Cheese, brie 5,597 30 1,679 Cheese, cheddar 5,523 30 1,657 Cheese, cheddar, extra sharp, made with 2% milk (Cracker Barrel, Kraft) 2,457 30 737 Cheese, cottage, 1% fat (Light & Lively, Kraft) 1,453 30 436 Cheese, feta, Greek, soft 8,423 30 2,527 Cheese, mozzarella, reduced fat 1,677 30 503 Cheese, parmesan, grated (Kraft) 16,900 15 2,535 Cheese, Swiss, processed^b 4,470 30 1,341 Cheese, Swiss, reduced fat (Alpine Lace, Alpine Lace Brands, Inc, Maplewood, NJ) 4,743 30 1,423 Soy Bacon bits, imitation, Bacos (Betty Crocker, General Mills, Minneapolis, MN) 1,247 15 187 Meatless jerky, Primal Strips (Primal Spirit Inc, Moundsville, WV) 1,398 90 1,258 Soy burger, Boca Burger, 400^°F, 8 min-4 each side^c (BOCA Foods Co, Mandison, WI) 130 30 39 Soy burger, Boca Burger, microwaved, 1.5 min^c (BOCA Foods Co) 67 30 20 Soy burger, Boca Burger, skillet, cook spray, 5 min^c (BOCA Foods Co) 100 30 30 Soy burger, Boca Burger, skillet, w/1 tsp olive oil, 5 min^c (BOCA Foods Co) 437 30 131 Soy burger, Boca Burger (BOCA Foods Co) (mean) 183 30 55 Tofu, broiled 4,107 90 3,696 Tofu, raw 788 90 709 Tofu, soft, raw 488 90 439 Tofu, sautéed, inside 3,569 90 3,212 Tofu, sautéed, outside 5,877 90 5,289 Tofu, sautéed (mean) 4,723 90 4,251 Tofu, soft, boiled 5 min, +2 min to return to boil^c 628 90 565 Tofu, soft, boiled 5 min, +2 min,+ soy sauce, sesame oil^c 796 90 716 Eggs Egg, fried, one large 2,749 45 1,237 Egg white powder (Deb-El Products, Elizabeth, NJ) 1,040 10 104 Egg white, large, 10 min 43 30 13 Egg white, large, 12 min 63 30 19 Egg yolk, large, 10 min 1,193 15 179 Egg yolk, large, 12 min 1,680 15 252 Egg, omelet, pan, low heat, cooking spray, 11 min^c 90 30 27 Egg, omelet, pan, low heat, corn oil, 12 min^c 223 30 67 Egg, omelet, pan, low heat, margarine, 8 min^c 163 30 49 Egg, omelet, pan, low, butter, 13 min^c 507 30 152 Egg, omelet, pan, low, olive oil, 12 min^c 337 30 101 Egg, poached, below simmer, 5 min^c 90 30 27 Egg, scrambled, pan, high, butter, 45 sec^c 337 30 101 Egg, scrambled, pan, high, cooking spray, 1 min^c 117 30 35 Egg, scrambled, pan, high, corn oil, 1 min^c 173 30 52 Egg, scrambled, pan, high, margarine, 1 min^c 123 30 37 Egg, scrambled, pan, high, olive oil, 1min^c 243 30 73 Egg, scrambled, pan, med-low, butter, 2 min^c 167 30 50 Egg, scrambled, pan, med-low, cooking spray, 2 min^c 67 30 20 Egg, scrambled, pan, med-low, corn oil, 1.5 min^c 123 30 37 Egg, scrambled pan, med-low, margarine, 2 min^c 63 30 19 Egg, scrambled, pan, med-low, olive oil, 2 min^c 97 30 29